TQM is a management approach focused on continuous improvement, customer satisfaction, and employee involvement in quality control processes.

Industry 4.0 refers to the integration of digital technologies such as IoT, AI, and data analytics into manufacturing processes to create smart factories.

Key components include sourcing, production, inventory management, distribution, and customer service.

Industry 4.0 can improve operations by enabling real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, process optimization, and enhanced decision-making.

Predictive maintenance uses data analysis and machine learning to predict when equipment failure is likely to occur, allowing for maintenance to be performed before issues arise.