Lean manufacturing is a systematic approach aimed at minimizing waste while maximizing productivity and efficiency.

TQM is a management approach focused on continuous improvement, customer satisfaction, and employee involvement in quality control processes.

Industry 4.0 can improve operations by enabling real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, process optimization, and enhanced decision-making.

IoT connects devices and equipment in factories to collect and exchange data, enabling real-time monitoring, remote control, and predictive maintenance.

Predictive maintenance uses data analysis and machine learning to predict when equipment failure is likely to occur, allowing for maintenance to be performed before issues arise.