Lean manufacturing is a systematic approach aimed at minimizing waste while maximizing productivity and efficiency.

Key components include sourcing, production, inventory management, distribution, and customer service.

Robotics improves manufacturing by increasing efficiency, precision, and safety, while also reducing labor costs and repetitive tasks.

TQM is a management approach focused on continuous improvement, customer satisfaction, and employee involvement in quality control processes.

Industry 4.0 can improve operations by enabling real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, process optimization, and enhanced decision-making.