Industry 4.0 refers to the integration of digital technologies such as IoT, AI, and data analytics into manufacturing processes to create smart factories.

IoT connects devices and equipment in factories to collect and exchange data, enabling real-time monitoring, remote control, and predictive maintenance.

Key components include sourcing, production, inventory management, distribution, and customer service.

TQM is a management approach focused on continuous improvement, customer satisfaction, and employee involvement in quality control processes.

Robotics improves manufacturing by increasing efficiency, precision, and safety, while also reducing labor costs and repetitive tasks.